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The United States has the largest prison population in the world,〔〔Mahapatra, Lisa (19 March 2014). (Incarcerated In America: Why Are So Many People In US Prisons? (CHARTS) ). ''International Business Times.'' Chart showing incarceration rates of 50 most populous countries. Another chart showing what the inmates in the USA are in for (does not indicate reasons for probation and parole violations. Those offenses, such as drug tests, etc. change the breakdown of what inmates are in for).〕〔National Research Council. ''(The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences ).'' Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014: "The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons."〕 and the second-highest per-capita incarceration rate, behind Seychelles (which in 2014 had a total prison population of 735 out of a population of around 92,000).〔〔(Seychelles ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 In 2013 in the USA, there were 698 persons incarcerated per 100,000 population.〔(United States of America ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕〔(Entire world – Prison Population Rates per 100,000 of the national population. Highest to Lowest Rates ). For more details about the figures of any country, click on the name of that country. (World Prison Brief ). International Centre for Prison Studies. See (this page ) for breakdowns by region, whole world, prison population total, prison population rate, percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate.〕 While the United States represents about 4.4 percent of the world's population, it houses around 22 percent of the world's prisoners.〔(Population Clock ). U.S. Census Bureau.〕〔Walmsley, Roy (21 Nov 2013). (World Prison Population List (tenth edition) ). From (World Prison Population Lists ). By International Centre for Prison Studies. From page 1: "Most figures relate to dates between September 2011 and September 2013." And: "More than 10.2 million people are held in penal institutions throughout the world, mostly as pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners or as sentenced prisoners."〕 Comparing other English-speaking developed countries,〔 the incarceration rate of Canada is 106 per 100,000 (as of 2014),〔(Canada ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 England and Wales is 148 per 100,000 (as of 2015),〔(United Kingdom: England & Wales ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 and Australia is 151 per 100,000 (as of 2015).〔(Australia ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Comparing other developed countries, the rate of Spain is 141 per 100,000 (as of 2015),〔(Spain ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Greece is 120 per 100,000 (as of 2013),〔(Greece ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Norway is 71 per 100,000 (as of 2015),〔(Norway ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Netherlands is 75 per 100,000 (as of 2013),〔(Netherlands ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 and Japan is 49 per 100,000 (as of 2014).〔(Japan ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Comparing other countries with similar percentages of immigrants, Germany has a rate of 76 per 100,000 (as of 2014),〔(Germany ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Italy is 85 per 100,000 (as of 2015),〔(Italy ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 and Saudi Arabia is 161 per 100,000 (as of 2013).〔(Saudi Arabia ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Comparing other countries with a zero tolerance policy for illegal drugs, the rate of Russia is 455 per 100,000 (as of 2015),〔(Russia ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Kazakhstan is 275 per 100,000 (as of 2015),〔(Kazakhstan ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 Singapore is 220 per 100,000 (as of 2014),〔(Singapore ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 and Sweden is 60 per 100,000 (as of 2014).〔(Sweden ). International Centre for Prison Studies.〕 The incarceration rate of the People's Republic of China varies depending on sources and measures. According to the International Centre for Prison Studies, the rate for only sentenced prisoners is 120 per 100,000 (as of 2009) and the rate for prisoners including those in administrative detention and pre-trial detainees is 186 per 100,000 (as of 2009).〔 Su Jiang assessed the incarceration rate for all forms of imprisonment in China at 218 prisoners per 100,000 population.〔Jiang, Su. ("Measuring Prison Population in China: A Preliminary Observation" ) Paper presented at the annual meeting of The Law and Society Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 27 May 2008〕 The total number of prisoners held, 1.6 million, is second to that of the United States despite its population being over four times larger. Harry Wu, a U.S.-based human rights activist and ex-Chinese labor camp prisoner, estimates that "in the last 60 years, more than 40–50 million people" were in Chinese labor camps. == U.S. incarceration rate peaked in 2008 == Total US incarceration (prisons and jails) peaked in 2008. On January 1, 2008 more than 1 in 100 adults in the United States were in prison or jail.〔(One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008 ). February 28, 2008. The Pew Center on the States.〕〔Liptak, Adam (28 Feb 2008). (1 in 100 U.S. Adults Behind Bars, New Study Says ). ''New York Times''.〕 Total correctional population (prison, jail, probation, parole) peaked in 2007.〔(Correctional Populations in the United States, 2013 ) (NCJ 248479). Published December 2014 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Lauren E. Glaze and Danielle Kaeble, BJS statisticians. See (PDF ). See page 1 "highlights" section for the "1 in ..." numbers. See table 1 on page 2 for adult numbers. See table 5 on page 6 for male and female numbers. See appendix table 5 on page 13, for "Estimated number of persons supervised by adult correctional systems, by correctional status, 2000–2013." See appendix table 2: "Inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, 2000 and 2012–2013".〕 If all prisoners are counted (including juvenile, territorial, ICE, Indian country, and military), then in 2008 the USA had around 24.7% of the world's 9.8 million prisoners.〔(Prisoners in 2008 ). (NCJ 228417). December 2009 report from the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By William J. Sabol, Ph.D. and Heather C. West, Ph.D., BJS Statisticians. Also, Matthew Cooper, BJS Intern. See (PDF ). Table 9 on page 8 has the number of inmates in state or federal prison facilities, local jails, U.S. territories, military facilities, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) owned and contracted facilities, jails in Indian country, and juvenile facilities (2006 Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement). See 2007 juvenile total here. Table 8 on page 8 has the incarceration rates for 2000, 2007, and 2008.〕〔Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. "(Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement )". Click "National Crosstabs" at the top, and then choose the census years. Click "Show table" to get the total number of juvenile inmates for those years. Or go (here ) for all the years. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.〕〔 A 2008 ''New York Times'' article,〔Liptak, Adam (23 Apr 2008). (Inmate Count in US Dwarfs Other Nations' ). (). ''New York Times.''〕 said that "it is the length of sentences that truly distinguishes American prison policy. Indeed, the mere number of sentences imposed here would not place the United States at the top of the incarceration lists. If lists were compiled based on annual admissions to prison per capita, several European countries would outpace the United States. But American prison stays are much longer, so the total incarceration rate is higher." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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